Psychiatry Investig > Volume 16(10); 2019 > Article |
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The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: Eun Jin Na, Jinhwa Choi, Hong Jin Jeon. Data curation: Eun Jin Na, Jinhwa Choi, Dajung Kim, Heeyoun Kwon, Yejin Lee, Hong Jin Jeon. Formal analysis: Eun Jin Na, Jinhwa Choi, Hong Jin Jeon. Funding acquisition: Eun Jin Na, Hong Jin Jeon. Investigation: Jinhwa Choi, Dajung Kim, Heeyoun Kwon, Yejin Lee. Methodology: Eun Jin Na, Jinhwa Choi, Hong Jin Jeon. Project administration: Eun Jin Na, Jinhwa Choi, Dajung Kim, Heeyoun Kwon, Yejin Lee, Hong Jin Jeon. Resources: Eun Jin Na, Jinhwa Choi, Dajung Kim, Heeyoun Kwon, Yejin Lee, Hong Jin Jeon. Software: Eun Jin Na, Jinhwa Choi, Hong Jin Jeon. Supervision: Gusang Lee, Maurizio Fava, David Mischoulon, Jihoon Jang. Validation: Eun Jin Na, Gusang Lee, Maurizio Fava, David Mischoulon, Jihoon Jang, Hong Jin Jeon. Visualization: Jinhwa Choi, Dajung Kim, Heeyoun Kwon, Yejin Lee. Writing—original draft: Eun Jin Na. Writing— review & editing: Hong Jin Jeon.
Disorders |
aORsa (95% CI) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<19 years | 20-34 years | 35-49 years | 50-65 years | >65 years | |
Psychiatric disorders | |||||
Dementia | 0.58 (0.1-3.33) | 2.11 (1.29-3.45) | 0.88 (0.58-1.34) | 0.72 (0.54-0.97) | 0.88 (0.78-1) |
Alcohol use disorder | b- | 2.73 (1.85-4.04)**** | 3.95 (3.12-5.01)**** | 3.1 (2.56-3.75)**** | 2.34 (1.82-2.99)**** |
Schizophrenia | 13.53 (4-45.81)** | 7.46 (5.86-9.51)**** | 6.13 (5.05-7.45)**** | 3.86 (3.1-4.8)**** | 1.41 (1.06-1.86) |
Bipolar disorder | 13.19 (3.09-56.35)* | 3.15 (2.35-4.22)**** | 2.5 (1.9-3.28)**** | 3.11 (2.35-4.12)**** | 2.17 (1.61-2.92)**** |
Depression | 4.38 (2.67-7.18)**** | 3.8 (3.3-4.37)**** | 3.63 (3.2-4.12)**** | 3.57 (3.16-4.03)**** | 2.7 (2.43-3)**** |
Anxiety disorder | 3.15 (1.67-5.95)* | 1.73 (1.45-2.07)**** | 1.64 (1.41-1.91)**** | 1.55 (1.35-1.78)**** | 1.52 (1.37-1.7)**** |
Adjustment disorder | 2.21 (1.13-4.31) | 1.26 (1.01-1.58) | 1.44 (1.16-1.79)* | 1.68 (1.36-2.06)**** | 1.25 (1-1.55) |
Somatoform disorder | 1.63 (0.56-4.77) | 1.16 (0.86-1.56) | 1.29 (1.03-1.63) | 1.43 (1.18-1.74)** | 1.17 (1.01-1.36) |
Sleep disorder | 2.59 (1.04-6.47) | 3.2 (2.71-3.77)**** | 3.22 (2.83-3.66)**** | 2.75 (2.44-3.09)**** | 2.18 (1.97-2.4)**** |
Personality disorder | 2.43 (0.38-15.54) | 1.92 (1.27-2.9) | 0.85 (0.51-1.44) | 1.14 (0.58-2.23) | 0.75 (0.31-1.81) |
Mental retardation | 0.78 (0.15-4.09) | 0.67 (0.33-1.34) | 0.53 (0.21-1.32) | 0.5 (0.22-1.11) | 0.75 (0.38-1.5) |
Developmental disorder | 1.12 (0.39-3.26) | 0.75 (0.33-1.73) | 1.33 (0.45-3.95) | 1.84 (0.51-6.61) | 1.12 (0.4-3.14) |
Childhood/adolescence disorder | 1.17 (0.73-1.87) | 0.91 (0.67-1.25) | 0.72 (0.34-1.55) | 0.4 (0.13-1.26) | 1.3 (0.65-2.63) |
Physical disorders | |||||
Cancer | 0.86 (0.44-1.69) | 1.02 (0.86-1.21) | 1.04 (0.91-1.17) | 1.1 (0.99-1.23) | 1.39 (1.27-1.52)**** |
Benign tumor | 1.13 (0.69-1.85) | 0.87 (0.75-1) | 0.79 (0.71-0.89)** | 0.81 (0.73-0.89)** | 0.78 (0.71-0.85)**** |
Iron deficiency anemia | 0.82 (0.36-1.85) | 0.9 (0.69-1.17) | 1.13 (0.92-1.38) | 1.32 (1.07-1.63) | 1.26 (1.07-1.49) |
Disorder of the thyroid gland | 0.86 (0.54-1.38) | 1.05 (0.9-1.23) | 0.76 (0.66-0.87)** | 0.72 (0.63-0.83)*** | 0.86 (0.76-0.96) |
Diabetes mellitus | b- | 0.88 (0.61-1.26) | 1.25 (1.07-1.47) | 1.33 (1.2-1.48)**** | 1 (0.91-1.09) |
Other nutritional | 2.64 (0.31-22.26) | 0.78 (0.5-1.23) | 1.14 (0.81-1.61) | 0.84 (0.61-1.15) | 1.04 (0.84-1.3) |
deficiencies | |||||
Epilepsy | 0.15 (0.03-0.86) | 1.06 (0.72-1.56) | 1.94 (1.41-2.68)** | 0.87 (0.61-1.22) | 1 (0.78-1.29) |
Migraine | 0.89 (0.44-1.77) | 0.96 (0.79-1.16) | 0.85 (0.72-1.01) | 0.76 (0.65-0.9)* | 1.03 (0.91-1.17) |
Vascular disease | 2.06 (0.14-31.05) | 1.79 (0.81-3.92) | 1.3 (0.84-2.03) | 0.93 (0.7-1.25) | 0.98 (0.84-1.16) |
Cataract | 0.64 (0.12-3.33) | 1.05 (0.63-1.76) | 1 (0.73-1.37) | 1.02 (0.88-1.17) | 0.99 (0.9-1.09) |
Glaucoma | 0.7 (0.24-2.05) | 0.8 (0.63-1.02) | 0.75 (0.62-0.91) | 0.88 (0.76-1.01) | 0.9 (0.81-1.01) |
Visual disturbances | 0.39 (0.15-1) | 0.86 (0.59-1.26) | 0.95 (0.62-1.43) | 0.9 (0.65-1.26) | 1.04 (0.82-1.33) |
"and blindness | |||||
Hearing loss" | 0.75 (0.31-1.85) | 1.08 (0.86-1.34) | 0.77 (0.62-0.95) | 0.9 (0.76-1.07) | 1.07 (0.96-1.19) |
Hypertensive disease | 1.09 (0.24-4.97) | 0.66 (0.47-0.92) | 0.87 (0.76-1) | 0.99 (0.9-1.09) | 1.08 (0.98-1.2) |
Ischemic heart disease | 2.73 (0.49-15.09) | 0.61 (0.37-1.02) | 0.77 (0.6-1) | 0.85 (0.73-0.98) | 0.89 (0.81-0.99) |
Cerebrovascular disease | b- | 1.83 (1.08-3.1) | 1.66 (1.27-2.18)** | 1.28 (1.1-1.49) | 1.23 (1.11-1.36)** |
Acute upper respiratory infection | 0.69 (0.19-2.53) | 0.81 (0.68-0.97) | 0.71 (0.63-0.81)**** | 0.74 (0.66-0.84)**** | 1.02 (0.87-1.21) |
Influenza and pneumonia | 0.94 (0.69-1.29) | 0.88 (0.79-0.98) | 0.91 (0.83-1) | 0.99 (0.9-1.08) | 0.98 (0.89-1.09) |
Chronic lower respiratory disease | 1.38 (1-1.91) | 0.9 (0.81-1.01) | 0.87 (0.79-0.95) | 0.86 (0.78-0.95) | 1.05 (0.96-1.16) |
Noninfective enteritis andcolitis | 0.87 (0.63-1.19) | 0.9 (0.81-1.01) | 0.85 (0.76-0.95) | 1.1 (0.98-1.23) | 1.15 (1.04-1.26) |
Other disease of intestine | 1.19 (0.87-1.63) | 0.89 (0.8-0.99) | 0.82 (0.75-0.91)** | 0.75 (0.68-0.83)**** | 1.02 (0.93-1.13) |
Alcoholic liver disease | b- | 1.78 (1.22-2.61) | 1.53 (1.26-1.86)** | 1.31 (1.12-1.54)* | 0.96 (0.78-1.17) |
Atopic dermatitis | 1.09 (0.78-1.51) | 0.91 (0.79-1.06) | 0.89 (0.75-1.05) | 0.95 (0.79-1.14) | 0.84 (0.72-0.98) |
Psoriasis | 0.85 (0.19-3.86) | 1 (0.7-1.43) | 1 (0.76-1.33) | 1.17 (0.91-1.51) | 1.19 (0.95-1.48) |
Arthropathies | 0.97 (0.68-1.38) | 0.74 (0.66-0.82)**** | 0.97 (0.89-1.07) | 0.95 (0.86-1.04) | 0.88 (0.79-0.99) |
Renal failure | b- | 2.18 (0.99-4.78) | 1.68 (1-2.83) | 2.02 (1.51-2.69)**** | 1.03 (0.85-1.25) |
Urolithiasis | 1.08 (0.13-9.32) | 1.23 (0.91-1.68) | 0.76 (0.62-0.94) | 0.87 (0.72-1.04) | 0.82 (0.68-0.99) |
Congenital disease | 0.6 (0.25-1.45) | 1.05 (0.79-1.4) | 0.71 (0.47-1.1) | 0.96 (0.66-1.39) | 0.88 (0.64-1.22) |
Congenital malformation of the circulatory system | 2.59 (0.26-25.72) | 0.41 (0.15-1.16) | 2.88 (1.17-7.11) | 0.56 (0.16-2.04) | 0.85 (0.33-2.15) |
Multiple body injury | 1.73 (0.89-3.34) | 1.57 (1.21-2.04)* | 1.26 (0.96-1.66) | 1.49 (1.14-1.96) | 1.1 (0.86-1.42) |
Effects of foreign body | 0.76 (0.47-1.23) | 0.84 (0.71-1) | 0.96 (0.84-1.09) | 0.89 (0.8-1) | 1.06 (0.95-1.18) |
Burns and corrosions | 1.06 (0.64-1.75) | 1.31 (1.12-1.54)* | 1.04 (0.89-1.23) | 1.16 (1-1.36) | 1.23 (1.06-1.43) |