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Table of Contents

Introduction

The Psychiatry Investigation is published on the 25th day of every month in English by the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association (KNPA). The Journal covers the whole range of psychiatry and neuroscience. Both basic and clinical contributions are encouraged from all disciplines and research areas relevant to the pathophysiology and management of neuropsychiatric disorders and symptoms, as well as researches related to cross cultural psychiatry and ethnic issues in psychiatry. The Journal publishes Original Article, Review Article, Study Protocol, Editorial, Perspective, Viewpoint, and Correspondence. All research articles are peer reviewed. Contributions are accepted for publication on the condition that their substance has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere. Authors submitting papers to the Journal (serially or otherwise) with a common theme or using data derived from the same sample (or a subset thereof) must send details of all relevant previous publications and simultaneous submissions. The Journal is not responsible for statements made by contributors. Material in the Journal does not necessarily reflect the views of the Editor or of the KNPA. Manuscripts accepted for publication are copy-edited to improve readability and to ensure conformity with house style.

General Policies

Authorship
The manuscript should represent valid work and that neither the manuscript nor one with substantially similar content has been published or is being considered for publication elsewhere, except as described in an attachment. All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content. The Psychiatry Investigation follows the recommendations for authorship by the ICMJE (http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/). Authorship credit should be based on 1) substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, and/or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; 3) final approval of the version to be published; and 4) agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Every author should meet all of these four conditions. After the initial submission of a manuscript, any changes whatsoever in authorship. Participation solely in the acquisition of funding or the collection of data does not justify authorship. One of the authors should be designated to receive correspondence and proofs, and the appropriate address indicated. This author must take responsibility for keeping all other named authors informed of the paper’s progress. The Journal does not consider people thanked in the Acknowledgements or listed as members of a study group on whose behalf a paper is submitted to be authors. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that authorship is agreed among the study’s workers, contributors of additional data and other interested parties, before submission of the manuscript.

Financial Disclosure and Copyright Transfer
All forms of support must be acknowledged in “Acknowledgments” section. The Journal requires approval of manuscript submission by all authors. In consideration of the action of the KNPA in reviewing and editing the manuscript, tables, and figures, the authors transfer, assign, or otherwise convey, all copyright ownership, including any and all rights incidental thereto, exclusively to the KNPA, in the event that such work is published by the KNPA.

Informed Consent and Confidentiality
A statement of informed consent for human investigation should be made in the text, along with the name of the institutional review board that approved the study protocol. Authors must ensure that patient confidentiality is in no way breached. Do not use real names, initials, or disclose information that might identify a particular person without informed consent for publication.

Author Contributions
This section should describe what each author has done in the study. To qualify for authorship, all contributors must meet at least one of the seven core contributions by CRediT (conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation), as well as at least one of the writing contributions (original draft preparation, review, and editing). Authors may also satisfy other remaining contributions; however, satisfying these alone will not qualify them for authorship.
Author contributions will be published with the final article, and they should accurately reflect contributions to the work. The submitting author is responsible for completing this information at submission, and it is expected that all authors would have reviewed, discussed, and agreed to their individual contributions ahead of this time.

Conflicts of Interest
Any potential conflicts of interest must be disclosed in this section. If there are no potential conflicts of interest, the following statement should be added: “The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.”

Ethics Policies

Psychiatry Investigation aims to ensure that all articles published in the journal report on work that is morally acceptable, and expects authors to follow the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki (https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki/). All of the manuscripts should be prepared in strict observation of research and publication ethics guidelines recommended by the Council of Science Editors (http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE, https://www.icmje.org/), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME, http://www.wame.org/), and the Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors (KAMJE, https://www.kamje.or.kr/). Any study including human data must be reviewed and approved by a responsible Institutional Review Board (IRB). Animal experiments also should be reviewed by an appropriate committee (IACUC) for the care and use of animals. Also studies with pathogens requiring a high degree of biosafety should pass review of a relevant committee (IBC). The editor may request submission of copies of informed consents from human subjects in clinical studies or IRB approval documents. The Psychiatry Investigation will follow the guidelines by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE, http://publicationethics.org/) for settlement of any misconduct.

Submission of Manuscriptss

Manuscripts should be submitted online at: https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/psychiatryinvestig. Follow all instructions.
All submitted papers are peer-reviewed before it is decided whether they should be accepted, minor revision, major revision, or rejected. Authors must suggest 5 preferred reviewers. The journal reserves the right to edit the language of papers accepted for publication for clarity and grammatical correctness, and to make formal changes to ensure compliance with this Journal. Proofs will be sent to the corresponding author for final approval. Upon acceptance of a manuscript for publication, the all authors will be required to sign an agreement transferring copyright to the publisher. The completed copyright transfer form should be scanned and uploaded online through the website (https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/psychiatryinvestig).

Review Process

A submitted manuscript will be acknowledged and assigned a manuscript number, which is to be used in all further correspondence. Manuscripts are reviewed and given a priority based on their originality, importance of the findings, scientific merit and significance for the field, interest to readers, lucidity, and suitability for publication. Manuscripts with insufficient priority for publication are rejected promptly. Other manuscripts are sent to expert consultants for peer review. The existence of a manuscript under review is not revealed to anyone other than peer reviewers and editorial staff. Peer reviewers remain anonymous and are expected to maintain strict confidentiality. Reviewers are also expected to inform the Editor of any conflicts of interest, including any financial arrangements involving companies whose products (or competing products) are featured in the manuscripts they agree to review. All manuscripts from editors, employees, or members of the editorial board are processed same to other unsolicited manuscripts. If manuscripts from Editor-in-Chief or Associate Editors are submitted, it is also treated through same process with other manuscripts. However, those authors are not involved in the peer reviewer selection, review process, or final decision.

Preparation of Manuscripts

The manuscript must be written in English. The manuscript (including references, legends, and tables) must be typed double-spaced. Start each of these sections on a new page, numbered consecutively, beginning with the title page. Use only 10- or 12-point font size. Manuscripts should be concisely written in a readily understandable style. Standard nomenclature should be used throughout; unfamiliar or new terms and arbitrary abbreviations should be defined when first used.


Reporting Guidelines for Specific Study Designs
It is recommended for authors to follow the established reporting guidelines (http://www.equator-network.org) for the specific study design, such as randomized control study (i.e., CONSORT), study of diagnostic accuracy (i.e., STARD), meta-analyses and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (i.e., PRISMA), meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (i.e., MOOSE), and strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (i.e., STROBE).

Titles and Authors
Each manuscript must have a separate title page which includes only the title, authors’ full names, academic or professional affiliations and complete addresses, as well as the name, address, e-mail, telephone, fax numbers, ORCID iDs (all authors), and Author contributions of the author to whom proofs and correspondence should be addressed. If an author’s affiliation has changed since the work was done, list the new affiliation as well. The title should be short, clear and concise and should indicate the major point of the paper. They should not exceed 42 characters per line, including punctuation and spaces, and should be limited to 2 lines, if possible. Do not use abbreviations in the title. The running title should consist of no more than 8 words.

Abstract
Original articles and review articles should include structured abstracts no longer than 250 words with the following information, under the headings indicated: Objective - the primary purpose of the article; Methods - data sources, subjects, design, measurements, data analysis; Results - key findings; and Conclusion - implications, future directions. Study protocols require an unstructured abstract of one paragraph, not exceeding 150 words. A list of key words, with a maximum of six items, should be included at the end of the abstract. The selection of key words should be based on Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) of National Library of Medicine (NLM; https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search). An abstract is not required for Editorial, Perspective, Viewpoint, Correspondences, and Study Protocol.

Text

Original Article The contents of the text should include four major sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. The Introduction should give the reasons for undertaking the study and a summary of the experimental plan. Exhaustive reviews of literature should be avoided. The Methods should be described in sufficient detail so that the work can be duplicated, or by reference to previous descriptions if they are readily available. Commonly used methods require only a citation of the original source unless they have been substantially modified. Statistical tests used for evaluation of data should be briefly explained. Special chemicals and drugs with their sources should be grouped under a separate sub-heading (“material” or “drugs”). For drugs, generic names should be used; trade names may be given in brackets where the drug is first mentioned. In case of new drugs, a detailed chemical description (formula) should be given. Ensure correct use of the terms sex (when reporting biological factors) and gender (identity, psychosocial or cultural factors), and unless inappropriate, report the sex and/or gender of study participants, the sex of animals or cells, and describe the methods used to determine sex and gender. If the study was done involving an exclusive population, for example in only one sex, authors should justify why, except in obvious cases (e.g., prostate cancer). Authors should define how they determined race or ethnicity and justify their relevance. The Results should be described clearly, concisely, and in logical order without extended discussions of their significance. Results should usually be presented in graphic or tabular form, rather than discursively. There should be no duplication in text, tables and figures. The Discussion should be as concise as possible. In this section, conclusions should be drawn from the results accompanied by an assessment of their significance in relation to previous works. The original articles should not exceed 5,000 words (excluding references, tables and figure legends).
Review Article Review Article should be structured in the same way as regular papers.
Study Protocol Study Protocol manuscripts should report planned or ongoing research studies. They require ethical approval. Titles should include the specific study type, e.g. randomised controlled trial. It should not exceed 2,000 words (excluding references, tables and figure legends).
Editorial Editorial are written in-house by the Editor-in-Chief, a member of the Editorial Board or a Guest Editor. A brief text should be prepared with less than 5 references. Maximum word count of the text is 1,000.
Perspective Perspective describes the practice of psychiatry and social, historical, cultural, economic, or even political issues. It should not exceed 1,000 words (excluding references, tables and figure legends) and contain no more than 10 references and contain no more than one figure or table.
Viewpoint Viewpoint may address virtually any important scientific issues in psychiatry and neurosciences. Viewpoint should not exceed 1,500 words (excluding references, tables and figure legends) and contain no more than 15 references and contain no more than one figure or table.
Correspondence A brief text should be prepared with less than 5 references. Maximum word count of the text is 1,000. If an individual patient is described, his or her consent should be obtained and submitted with the manuscript.


Acknowledgments
Grant support should be acknowledged in a separate paragraph under a separate heading at the end of the discussion section. The full name of the granting agency and grant number should be included. These also should list employment by, consultancy for, shared ownership in, or any close relationship with, an organisation whose interests, financial or otherwise, may by affected by the publication of the paper. This pertains to all the authors of the study.


References
There should be carefully selected to acknowledge previous work or to document a specific point. Referencing follows the Vancouver method of reference citation. In this system, references are numbered consequtively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Indentify each reference in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numbers. All references cited should be listed numerically at the end of the paper. Journal abbreviations should conform with the style used in the NLM catalogue (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals/) and international list of periodical title word abbreviations (ISO 4). All reference citations in the text should appear in the reference list. When there are less than seven authors, each must be listed in the citation. When seven or more authors, list the first six followed by et al. after the name of the sixth author. Using EndNote’s bibliographic management tools, you can search bibliographic database, build and organize your reference collection. Representative examples are as follows:

  • Journal Article
    1. Kwon JS, Shin YW, Kim CW, Kim YI, Youn T, Han MH, et al. Similarity and disparity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia in MR volumetric abnormalities of the hippocampus-amygdala complex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:962-964.
  • Book
    2. Tudor I. Learner-centeredness as language education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1996.
  • Book Chapter
    3. Fairburn CG, Cooper Z. The eating disorders examination (12th ed). In: Fairburn CG, Wilson GT, editors. Binge eating: nature, assessment, and treatment. New York: The Guilford Press, 1993, p.317-331.
  • Web
    4. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Korean Community Health Survey. Data request process [Internet]. Available at: https://chs.kdca.go.kr/chs/rdr/rdrInfoProcessMain.do. Accessed May 1, 2020.
  • Web References
    Please keep a print copy of any reference to Web only information. If the URL changes or disappears, interested readers may contact the corresponding author for a copy of the information.
  • Others
    Other types of references not described below should follow Citing Medicine, 2nd edition (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256/).


Tables
Double-space on separate sheets of standard-sized (21.6 cm×27.9 cm or 21.0 cm×29.7 cm) white bond paper. Title each one and number them in the order of their citation in the text. If a table must be continued, repeat the title on a second sheet, followed by “(cont).” Tables should contain sample sizes and units of measurement, when appropriate. Any explanatory notes to be printed with the table must be typed single-spaced beneath the table. The desired position of the table in the manuscript should be indicated. Authors must obtain permission from the original publisher if they intend to use tables from other sources, and due acknowledgment should be made in a footnote to the table.


Figures
To ensure the highest quality print production, your figures must be submitted in TIFF or JPEG format according to the following minimum resolutions:

  • • 300 dpi (dots per inch) for black and white line art (simple bar graphs, charts, etc.)
  • • 300 dpi for halftones (black and white photographs)
  • • 300 dpi for combination halftones (photographs that also contain line art such as labeling or thin lines) Vector-based figures (usually created in Adobe Illustrator) should be submitted as EPS. Do not submit figures in the following formats: GIF, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF.
Graphs must show an appropriate grid scale. Each axis must be labeled with both the quantity measured and the unit of measurement. Color figures must be submitted in a CMYK colorspace. Do not submit files as RGB. Authors are encouraged to submit color illustrations that highlight the text and convey essential scientific information. For best reproduction, bright, clear colors should be used. All figures should be mentioned in the text and the desired position of the figure in the manuscript should be indicated. Authors must obtain permission from the original publisher if they intend to use figures from other sources, and due acknowledgment should be made in the legend. All color figures will be reproduced in full color in the online edition of PI at no cost to authors, but the complete cost of reproducing color figures in the printed version of the journal will be charged to the authors, at $200 for each page containing any color figure.


Statistics

Methods of statistical analysis should be described in language that is comprehensible to the numerate psychiatrist as well as the medical statistician. Particular attention should be paid to clear description of study designs and objectives, and evidence that the statistical procedures used were both appropriate for the hypotheses tested and correctly interpreted. The statistical analyses should be planned before data are collected and full explanations given for any post hoc analyses carried out. The value of test statistics used (e.g. t, F-ratio) should be given as well as their significance levels so that their derivation can be understood. Trends should not be reported unless they have been supported by appropriate statistical analyses for trends. The use of percentages to report results from small samples is discouraged, other than where this facilitates comparisons. The number of decimal places to which numbers are given should reflect the accuracy of the determination, and estimates of error should be given for statistics. A brief and useful introduction to the place of confidence intervals is given by Gardner & Altman (Br J Psychiatry 1990;156:472-474). Use of these is encouraged but not mandatory. Authors are encouraged to include estimates of statistical power where appropriate. To report a difference as being statistically significant is generally insufficient, and comment should be made about the magnitude and direction of change.

Data-Sharing Policy and Reproducibility

Psychiatry Investigation follows the ICMJE recommendations for data sharing (http://icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf). Since July 1, 2018, manuscripts submitted to ICMJE journals that report the results of clinical trials must contain a data-sharing statement that indicates the following: whether individual deidentified participant data (including data dictionaries) will be shared (“undecided” is not an acceptable answer); what particular data will be shared; whether additional, related documents will be available (e.g., study protocol or statistical analysis method); when the data will become available and for how long; and by what access criteria data will be shared (including with whom, for what types of analyses, and via what mechanism).

Abbreviations, Units and Footnotes

All abbreviations must be spelt out on first usage and only widely recognised abbreviations will be permitted. For recognized abbreviations see Units, Symbols, and Abbreviations, Fifth Edition 1994, edited by DN Baron, Royal Society of Medicine: London. Measurements should be expressed in SI units (see BMJ 1991;302:338-341). The generic names of drugs should be used. Generally, SI units should be used; where they are not, the SI equivalent should be included in parentheses. Units should not use indices: i.e. report g/mL, not gmL-1. The use of notes separate to the text should generally be avoided, whether they be footnotes or a separate section at the end of a paper. A footnote to the first page may, however, be included to give some general information concerning the paper.

Materials, Equipment and Software

The source of any compounds not yet available on general prescription should be indicated. The version number (or release date) and manufacturer of software used, and the platform on which it is operated (PC, Mac, UNIX etc.), should be stated. The manufacturer, manufacturer’s location and product identification should be included when describing equipment central to a study (e.g., scanning equipment used in an imaging study).

Open Access and Article Processing Charge

Open Access
Psychiatry Investigation articles are published open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Processing Charge
As of January 2018, to publish in Psychiatry Investigation, authors are required to pay an article processing charge. It covers some of the costs of publication as well as open access online editions in the journal website (http://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org) or in the PubMed Central (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/1104/). Invoice will be sent to the corresponding author after the submitted article is finally accepted. The charge is USD 1,000 per article, and USD 100 for Viewpoint, Correspondence or Erratum.

Proofs, Reprints, Miscellaneous

Proofs
Authors should keep a copy of their manuscripts as proofs will be sent to them without manuscript. Only printer’s errors may be corrected; no change in, or addition to, the edited manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Authors will receive proofs by e-mail. The corrected proofs must be returned within 72 hours after receipt by email or FAX. If the Publisher receives no reply, the assumption will be made that there are no errors to correct and the article will be published after in-house correction.

Editorial Office Contact Information

The Editorial Office
Psychiatry Investigation, RN 522, 27 Seochojungang-ro 24-gil, Seocho-gu,
Seoul 06601, Korea
Tel: +82-2-537-6171, Fax: +82-2-537-6174
E-mail: psychiatryinvest@gmail.com



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